Contrast a Model of the Coffee Entrepreneurship in the Covid-19 Era

Is observed a structure of five factors: representations, habitus, fields, capital, capabilities and enterprise that explained 54% of the total variance explained, although the research design limited findings local scenario, suggesting the inclusion of variables that the literature identifies Sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables to establish entrepreneurial profiles according to risk events;landslides, fires, droughts, floods, frosts or earthquakes. If a representation links coffee farming with other personal or community needs, then it supposes provisions that facilitate the objectification or anchoring of information related to sowing, harvesting, weather, pests, prices and prices. Faced with the environmental problems of droughts or floods, social capital networks in Xilitla respond with organization of the crop in diversified stages but confined to the achievement of goals that guarantee the productive cycle. The representations are discursive innovations from which scientific knowledge is disseminated in common sense and social thought, although this is exclusive of not only science, art or culture in general since the symbols to discover or invent are also prone to its transformation into interpretations of reality and more primarily discursive senses.

The Distribution of Fecal Contamination in an Urbanized Tropical Lake and Incidence of Acute Diarrheal Disease

Aquatic ecosystems of tropical countries are vulnerable to fecal contamination that could cause spikes in the incidences of acute diarrheal disease (ADD) and challenge public health management systems. Vembanad lake, situated along the southwest coast of India, was monitored for one year (2018-2019). Escherichia coli, an indicator of fecal contamination, was prevalent in the lake throughout the year. Multiple antibiotic resistance among more than 50% of the E. coli isolates adds urgency to the need to control this contamination. The high abundance of E. coli and incidence of ADD were recorded during the early phase of the southwest monsoon (June-July), prior to the once-in-a-century floods that affected the region in the later phase (August). The extent of inundation in the low-lying areas peaked in August, but E. coli in the water peaked in July, suggesting that contamination occurred even prior to extreme flooding. During the COVID-19-related lockdown in March-May 2021, fecal contamination in the lake and incidence of ADD reached minimum values. These results indicate the need for improving sewage treatment facilities and city planning in flood-prone areas to avoid the mixing of septic sewage with natural waters during extreme climate events or even during the normal monsoon.

DESIGN OF A NET ZERO HOUSE AT 100-YEAR FLOOD ZONE IN A HISTORIC DISTRICT: A CASE OF SOLAR DECATHLON DESIGN CHALLENGE ENTRY

This paper discusses the design of a net-zero single-family house in Chattanooga, Tennessee, which was proposed for the 2022 Solar Decathlon Design Challenge entry. The site was in a 100-year flood zone and registered as a national and local historic district. The interdisciplinary team consisted of University of Tennessee Chattanooga (UTC) students from the interior architecture and engineering departments who embraced the challenges of the local climate and the restrictions of the historic district guidelines. This entry, Moc House, focused on the integration of passive design and active HVAC systems including photovoltaic systems in the process. In responding to recent housing market changes in Chattanooga due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a young professional couple in their 30s who have two children was identified as the target market which guided the space planning. Market analysis, including ROI, was conducted in addition to construction cost calculations. Building materials were selected to enhance the durability and resilience of the house structure. Finally, energy analysis was conducted to check the project's Home Energy Rating using Ekotrope and found it less than zero. © 2023, College Publishing. All rights reserved.

A simple framework for calibrating hydraulic flood inundation models using crowd-sourced water levels

Floods are the most commonly occurring natural disaster, with the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters 2021 report on "The Non-COVID Year in Disasters" estimating economic losses worth over USD 51 million and more than 6000 fatalities in 2020. The hydrodynamic models which are used for flood forecasting need to be evaluated and constrained using observations of water depth and extent. While remotely sensed estimates of these variables have already facilitated model evaluation, citizen sensing is emerging as a popular technique to complement real-time flood observations. However, its value for hydraulic model evaluation has not yet been demonstrated. This paper tests the use of crowd-sourced flood observations to quantitatively assess model performance for the first time. The observation set used for performance assessment consists of 32 distributed high water marks and wrack marks provided by the Clarence Valley Council for the 2013 flood event, whose timings of acquisition were unknown. Assuming that these provide information on the peak flow, maximum simulated water levels were compared at observation locations, to calibrate the channel roughness for the hydraulic model LISFLOOD-FP. For each realization of the model, absolute and relative simulation errors were quantified through the root mean squared error (RMSE) and the mean percentage difference (MPD), respectively. Similar information was extracted from 11 hydrometric gauges along the Clarence River and used to constrain the roughness parameter. The calibrated parameter values were identical for both data types and a mean RMSE value of ~50 cm for peak flow simulation was obtained across all gauges. Results indicate that integrating uncertain flood observations from crowd-sourcing can indeed generate a useful dataset for hydraulic model calibration in ungauged catchments, despite the lack of associated timing information.

At The Outset Of 3rd Decade Of Devbhoomi- Rise Of Tourism In The State Amidst Pandemic

One cannot ascertain the exact impact or evaluate in numbers the humanitarian disaster caused by Novel coronavirus (Covid-19). This goes true because the global economic crisis triggered worldwide has a very big picture to show. The pandemic has hit hard at the Foreign Exchange Earnings, severely disrupted job opportunities, created vent in local and national developments and all of this combined has directly affected the tourism industry. Tourism sector undoubtedly brings in economic growth for a region as an industry, but, one cannot disagree that many tourist destinations are susceptible to such pandemic and natural disasters. Bearing the double brunt of tragedy is one such state of Uttarakhand. From the 2013 Kedarnath tragedy caused by torrential downpour and subsequent flooding to the current global pandemic, this state has come a long way in terms of growth in tourism and will continue so post the Covid-19 situation is combatted. This article will focus on how the state of Uttarakhand has dealt with the impact of several natural disaster and what will be the future face of tourism of the state post Covid.

How Does Servant Leadership Nurture Nurses' Job Embeddedness? Uncovering Sequential Mediation of Psychological Contract Fulfillment and Psychological Ownership

Aim. This research aimed to explore how servant leadership nurtures nurses' job embeddedness by uncovering the sequential mediation of psychological contract fulfillment and psychological ownership. Background. The healthcare of Pakistan is undergoing an acute shortage of 1.3 million nurses. The gap is widening due to unprecedented natural uncertainties (floods, earthquakes, COVID-19, dengue, polio, and monkeypox) and the large-scale brain drain of nurses. Therefore, exploring the underlying factors that could facilitate nurses' job embeddedness is imperative. Methods. A cross-sectional research design was employed, wherein data were gathered in three rounds, two months apart, from 587 nurses employed in public hospitals in Pakistan, and analysis was performed with Smart-PLS. Results. Servant leadership positively influences nurses' job embeddedness and psychological contract fulfillment. Besides, psychological contract fulfillment positively affects psychological ownership, and psychological ownership enhances nurses' job embeddedness. Finally, psychological contract fulfillment and psychological ownership sequentially mediate the relationship between servant leadership and job embeddedness. Conclusions. This research emphasized the vitality of servant leadership in nurturing nurses' job embeddedness. Implications for Nursing Management. Healthcare authorities should keenly focus on promoting servant leadership that shapes the positive perception of nurses about their psychological contract fulfillment and psychological ownership, which are essential resources to cherish nurses' job embeddedness.

Mapping the Suitability of Existing and Probable Isolation Facilities

This study aimed to map the accessibility of the existing isolation facilities in Cabagan, Isabela, and propose probable locations suitable for establishing isolation facilities using the Geographic Information System (GIS). Digital datasets of the current isolation facilities were used in the study, along with factors such as land uses, hazards, landfills, and road networks that should be taken into consideration when choosing potential locations for isolation facilities. These factors follow the guidelines set by the Department of Health (DOH). The processing and generation of layers related to the criteria were done using GIS techniques, specifically overlay analysis tools. In order to project an appropriate map of potential isolation facilities in Cabagan, Isabela, the layers were combined and overlaid. The existing isolation facilities are accessible to Milagros Albano District Hospital (MADH) since all of them are adjacent to national or barangay roads. More than half, or 65.38%, of the isolation facilities, belong to areas with low to moderate susceptibility to flooding, and 26.92% are in areas with high susceptibility to flooding. Furthermore, all isolation facilities are open to the public, with 53.85% of existing isolation facilities in residential areas, 7.69% in commercial areas, and 38.46% in agricultural areas. The suitability map of proposed isolation facilities was successfully generated, showing that 100% of the proposed isolation facilities are accessible from any road network in the municipality with low and moderate susceptibility to flooding and low susceptibility to landslides. © 2022 IEEE.

Managing Building Water Disruptions in a Post-COVID World: Water Quality and Safety Risk Assessment Tool for Academic Institutions and School Settings

Fluctuating building occupancy during the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to poor water quality and safety conditions in building water distribution systems (BWDSs). Natural disasters, man-made events, or academic institutional calendars (i.e., semesters or holiday breaks) can disrupt building occupant water usage, which typically increases water age within a BWDS. High water age, in turn, is known to propagate poor water quality and safety conditions, which potentially exposes building occupants to waterborne pathogens (e.g., Legionella) associated with respiratory disease or hazardous chemicals (e.g., lead). Other influencing factors are green building design and municipal water supply changes. Regardless of the cause, an increasing number of water management policies require building owners to improve building water management practices. The present study developed a Water Quality and Safety Risk Assessment (WQSRA) tool to address gaps in building water management for academic institutions and school settings. The tool is intended to assist with future implementation of water management programs as the result of pending policies for the built environment. The WQSRA was modeled after water management practices created for controlling water contaminants in healthcare facilities. Yet, a novel WQSRA tool was adapted specifically for educational settings to allow building owners to evaluate risk from water hazards to determine an appropriate level of risk mitigation measures for implementation. An exemplar WQSRA tool is presented for safety, facility, industrial hygiene, and allied professionals to address current gaps in building water management programs. Academic institutions and school settings should examine the WQSRA tool and formulate an organization-specific policy to determine implementation before, during, and after building water-disruptive events associated with natural or man-made disasters.

Disentangling the Information Flood on OSNs: Finding Notable Posts and Topics

Online Social Networks (OSN s) are an integral part of modern life for sharing thoughts, stories, and news. An ecosystem of influencers generates a flood of content in the form of posts, some of which have an unusually high level of engagement with the influencer's fan base. These posts relate to blossoming topics of discussion that generate particular interest among users: The COVID-19 pandemic is a prominent example. Studying these phenomena provides an understanding of the OSN landscape and requires appropriate methods. This paper presents a methodology to discover notable posts and group them according to their related topic. By combining anomaly detection, graph modelling and community detection techniques, we pinpoint salient events automatically, with the ability to tune the amount of them. We showcase our approach using a large Instagram dataset and extract some notable weekly topics that gained momentum from 1.4 million posts. We then illustrate some use cases ranging from the COVID-19 outbreak to sporting events. © 2022 IEEE.

A Citizen Science Approach for Analyzing Social Media With Crowdsourcing

Social media have the potential to provide timely information about emergency situations and sudden events. However, finding relevant information among the millions of posts being added every day can be difficult, and in current approaches developing an automatic data analysis project requires time and technical skills. This work presents a new approach for the analysis of social media posts, based on configurable automatic classification combined with Citizen Science methodologies. The process is facilitated by a set of flexible, automatic and open-source data processing tools called the Citizen Science Solution Kit. The kit provides a comprehensive set of tools that can be used and personalized in different situations, particularly during natural emergencies, starting from images and text contained in the posts. The tools can be employed by citizen scientists for filtering, classifying, and geolocating the content with a human-in-the-loop approach to support the data analyst, including feedback and suggestions on how to configure the automated tools, and techniques to gather inputs from citizens. Using flooding scenario as a guiding example, this paper illustrates the structure and functioning of the different tools proposed to support citizens scientists in their projects, and a methodological approach to their use. The process is then validated by discussing three case studies based on the Albania earthquake of 2019, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the Thailand floods of 2021. The results suggest that a flexible approach to tools composition and configuration can support a timely setup of an analysis project by citizen scientists, especially in case of emergencies in unexpected locations. © 2013 IEEE.

A Framework for Resilient City Governance in Response to Sudden Weather Disasters: A Perspective Based on Accident Causation Theories

With climate change, urban resilience is becoming a critical concept for helping cities withstand disasters and accidents. However, current research often focuses on concept identification, leaving a gap between concept and implementation. This study aims to investigate the lack of urban resilience in the face of sudden weather disasters, with a focus on the inadequate capacity of urban systems to effectively govern such events. The Zhengzhou subway flooding accident on 20 July 2021, serves as a case study for this research, and the accident causation theories, such as the Swiss cheese model, Surry's accident model, and trajectory intersection theory are used to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the accident's causes. Through this analysis, the paper identifies vulnerabilities in the natural, technical, and man-made systems of the urban system, and reveals deficiencies in four aspects of urban resilience: natural, technological, institutional, and organizational. Based on this analysis, the study proposes a resilient city governance framework that integrates the "Natural-Technical-Man-made” systems, offers relevant recommendations for urban resilience governance, and discusses potential challenges to urban resilience implementation.

Special issue. (Special issue.)

This special issue contains 17 papers covering a range of topics related to environmental, geological, and social issues in Bangladesh. The articles use various methodologies, including statistical analysis, satellite imaging, and case studies, to explore issues such as drought, urbanization, healthcare, greenhouse gas emissions, groundwater resources, COVID-19 stigmatization, oil rim reservoir development, coal permeability, seaweed composition, hailstorms, tropical cyclones, heavy metal contamination, flood hazard assessment, and climate change vulnerability. Overall, the articles provide valuable insights and information that can inform policy and decision-making in Bangladesh.

Protection or Peril of Following the Crowd in a Pandemic-Concurrent Flood Evacuation

The decisions of whether and how to evacuate during a climate disaster are influenced by a wide range of factors, including emergency messaging, social influences, and sociodemographics. Further complexity is introduced when multiple hazards occur simultaneously, such as a flood evacuation taking place amid a viral pandemic that requires physical distancing. Such multihazard events can necessitate a nuanced navigation of competing decision-making strategies wherein a desire to follow peers is weighed against contagion risks. To better understand these trade-offs, we distributed an online survey during a COVID-19 pandemic surge in July 2020 to 600 individuals in three midwestern and three southern states in the United States with high risk of flooding. In this paper, we estimate a random parameter discrete choice model in both preference space and willingness-to-pay space. The results of our model show that the directionality and magnitude of the influence of peers' choices of whether and how to evacuate vary widely across respondents. Overall, the decision of whether to evacuate is positively impacted by peer behavior, while the decision of how to evacuate (i.e., ride-type selection) is negatively impacted by peer influence. Furthermore, an increase in flood threat level lessens the magnitude of peer impacts. In terms of the COVID-19 pandemic impacts, respondents who perceive it to be a major health risk are more reluctant to evacuate, but this effect is mitigated by increased flood threat level. These findings have important implications for the design of tailored emergency messaging strategies and the role of shared rides in multihazard evacuations. Specifically, emphasizing or deemphasizing the severity of each threat in a multihazard scenario may assist in: (1) encouraging a reprioritization of competing risk perceptions;and (2) magnifying or neutralizing the impacts of social influence, thereby (3) nudging evacuation decision-making toward a desired outcome. © 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Making Freedom Great Again: Conspiracy Theories, Affective Nostalgia and Alignment, and The Right-Wing Base Grammars of the #Freeedomconvoy (*)

The so-called "freedom convoy," which began in January 2021 in Ottawa, Canada, garnered international attention and sparked a flood of social media conversations. Farright extremists and Twitter users sympathetic to this cause employed various strategies of "affective rhetoric"-the practice of instilling emotion in readers by appealing to their values and beliefs-in order to incite emotional reactions and influence public opinion. These extremists and sympathizers used these affective rhetorical techniques, such as fear mongering, demonizing, exaggeration, and polarization, to both maintain public engagement and increase public acceptance of their ideas, not only about the convoy, but about their larger ideals and aims as well. These larger extremist ideals include: the desire of a "golden age" of freedom;the concept of an "us" vs. a "them";and the restoration of a "traditional" patriarchal white supremacy. The danger of this flooding of social media channels with such strategies and ideals can lead to increased public acceptance and reinforcement of the radicalized views of extremists, which can eventually lead to even more radical and dangerous ideas becoming acceptable in public conversation, particularly through conspiracies. As my research shows, online actors exploited a variety of conspiracy theories, including: The Great Reset;vaccines as weapons of mass genocide;medical martial law;and framing the Ukraine war as a hoax or a distraction. Thus, in the wake of the "freedom convoy," movement, to get a sense of how these extremist conversations were framed, I analyzed tweets circulating with #IStandWithTruckers and #TruckersForFreedom2022. Using discourse analysis, I examine the affective rhetorical strategies of persuasion, ideals, and conspiracy theories that Twitter extremists and sympathizers employed to maximize political conflict and to shift the acceptability of extremist discourse in the public sphere.

Inonder l'espace médiatique, contester le manque de transparence de l'État: L'importance de la criminologie de l'actualité en temps de pandémie

Il y a eu des différences importantes concernant la divulgation proactive des cas de coronavirus, parmi les prisonniers et le personnel pénitentiaire, entre les juridictions canadiennes au cours des deux premières années de la pandémie COVID-19. S'appuyant sur la littérature sur la police des connaissances criminologiques et l'opacité des prisons, cet article aborde comment de multiples approches de la criminologie de l'actualité (« newsmaking criminology »), sous la forme d'articles de blogues, de rédaction d'éditoriaux, de publication de rapports et de commentaires d'experts, peuvent aider à remettre en question le manque de transparence de l'État afin de générer une divulgation proactive d'informations supplémentaires sur l'impact et la gestion du coronavirus derrière les murs de la prison. Nous explorons comment l'approche « inonder l'espace » des débats publics sur la gestion de la pandémie avec les informations limitées et incomplètes mises à disposition par les autorités fonctionne comme une stratégie de mobilisation des connaissances et de recherche pour faciliter la diffusion d'informations précédemment non publiées qui sont essentielles pour éclairer les politiques, les pratiques et les résultats de l'enfermement. Ce faisant, nous soulignons la valeur de la criminologie de l'actualité non seulement comme moyen de communiquer et de mobiliser les connaissances criminologiques, mais aussi de les générer au service de la recherche émancipatrice et militante.Alternate :Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, Canadian jurisdictions have varied in terms of their reporting of COVID-19 cases amongst prisoners and prison staff. By engaging with the literature focused on the policing of criminological knowledge and prison opacity, this paper examines how multiple approaches to newsmaking criminology in the form of blog posts, op-ed writing, the publishing of reports, and expert commentary can challenge state secrecy in ways that help generate proactive disclosure of additional information regarding the impact and management of the coronavirus behind prison walls. We explore how "flooding the zone" of public debates on pandemic management with the limited and incomplete data made available by authorities works as a knowledge mobilization and research strategy to help reveal previously unpublished information critical to better understanding prison policy, practice and outcomes. In so doing, we highlight the value of newsmaking criminology not only as a means of communicating and mobilizing criminological knowledge, but also of generating it in the service of emancipatory research and advocacy.Alternate :Durante los dos primeros años de la pandemia de COVID-19, hubo diferencias significativas en la divulgación proactiva de los casos de coronavirus, entre los reclusos y el personal penitenciario, entre las jurisdicciones canadienses. Basándose en los estudios sobre la vigilancia del conocimiento criminológico y la opacidad de las prisiones, este artículo analiza cómo los múltiples enfoques de la criminología mediática (« newsmaking criminology »), en forma de entradas de blog, redacción de editoriales, publicación de informes y comentarios de expertos, pueden ayudar a cuestionar la falta de transparencia del Estado para generar una divulgación proactiva de información adicional sobre el impacto y la gestión del coronavirus tras los muros de las prisiones. Exploramos cómo el enfoque de « inundar el espacio » de los debates públicos sobre la gestión de la pandemia con la información limitada e incompleta puesta a disposición por las autoridades funciona como una estrategia de movilización del conocimiento y de investigación para facilitar la difusión de información inédita que es fundamental para informar la política, la práctica y los resultados del confinamiento. De este modo, destacamos el valor de la criminología mediática no sólo como medio de comunicación y movilización del conocimiento criminológico, sino también para genera lo al servicio de la investigación emancipadora y activista.

Practice Update – Improving security and trust for IoT devices during rescue operations

Because all the FASTER pilots involve close collaboration with emergency first responders during the design of the pilots and during the pilots themselves, the evaluation of the data obtained from pilots incorporates not only a technological assessment of the distributed network of trust created by the authors of this paper but also initial insights from the practitioners as to the usability of the tools provided by European FASTER partners, as part of the assessment. Keywords: Distributed Ledger Technologies, loT Devices, First Responders This paper presents the results of an evaluation pilot held in Japan, which took place on July 26th, 2021, at the Hyogo Prefectural Emergency Management & Training Center and Firefighting School in Miki City, Hyogo Prefecture. Faster Project goals The following list summarizes the primary goals of the FASTER project (Dimou et al., 2021). * Data collection to provide a secure IoT platform for distributed, real-time gathering and processing of heterogeneous physiological and critical environmental data from smart textiles, wearables, sensors, and social media;* Operational capabilities to provide flexible, multifunctional autonomous vehicles, including swarms, for extended inspection capabilities and physical risk mitigation;* Risk assessment to provide tools for individual health assessment and disaster scene analysis for early warning and risk mitigation;* Improved ergonomics to provide augmented reality tools for enhanced information streaming, as well as body- and gesture-based interfaces for vehicle navigation and communication;* Resilient communication at the field level to provide haptic communication capabilities, emergency communication devices, interoperation with K9s, and at the infrastructure level through 5G technologies and Unmanned Aerial/ Ground Vehicles (UxVs);* Tactical situational awareness to provide innovative visualization services for a portable Common Operational Picture for indoor and outdoor scenario representation;* Efficient cooperation and interoperability amongst first responders, LEAs (Law Enforcement Agencies), community members and other resource providers, under the umbrella of a secure network of trust, provided by a custom-built distributed-ledger technology that meets the stringent FASTER real time, privacy and security restrictions. The tools used in this pilot included the Mission Management Tool, or MMT (that the first responders used to send and receive multimedia with geolocated content), a smartwatch that sent information to the control center in real time about the position, status, and activities on the ground.

FLOOD CONTROL MEASURES OF CORE MEDICAL INSTITUTION: LESSONS LEARNED FROM FLOODS IN KUMA RIVER IN 2020

Recordable heavy rainfall hit and caused severe floods from the Kuma River in Hitoyoshi and Kuma regions in July, 2020 due to an active frontal rain system. This paper aims to clarify challenges and issues in measures taken by core medical institutions against large-scale floods, which have been identified in the flood event in Kuma River in July 2020, based on the interview with the core medical institution in those regions. The paper then discusses directions for effective flood countermeasures of core medical institutions in order to have more robust Business Continuity Plan (BCP) for large-scale flood disasters.抄録　令和2年7月豪雨災害では，九州地方や東北地方などで大規模な出水となり，中でも九州地方では人的被害を含む甚大な被害が生じた．一方で，本災害は，新型コロナウイルス感染症（COVID-19）が全国的に流行する中で発生した最初の大規模水害であり，特殊な感染症への対応を継続しつつも，大規模な水害が発生した場合に地域の医療機能をどのように維持していくかが大きく問われた災害でもあった．本稿では，人吉・球磨地方における地域医療の拠点病院に対して令和2年7月豪雨災害での球磨川の氾濫に伴う浸水時の状況と対応についてヒアリングを行った結果を報告するとともに，これを踏まえた拠点医療機関の水害対策の課題と方向性について述べる．

An undignified disaster reality for Australians with disability

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Management establish the importance of ensuring the equitable protection of human rights in disaster planning, relief, and recovery. However, internationally and within Australia, the reality is one of indignity, human rights violations, and corruption. Australia is living in a perpetual state of crisis, following 3years of environmental and health disaster events. Vulnerable Australian citizens, especially people with disability, are at a great risk of human rights violations and may have restricted access to resilience-building resources that would enable them to recover. Embedding dignity into disaster management and recovery can safeguard human rights and improve outcomes for people with disability.